KA TAEA TE WHAKAKĪ I TE TAKAI KIRIHIKI?

—PLAVSPET: TE KAIĀRAHI I TE KIRIHIKI KOIORA

TE RĒHI TĀKAI

Ia tau, e whakamahia ana e te mākete o te ao neke atu i te640 pirionangā wahi otakai kirihoumō ngā taputapu kai—e 450 tau te roa o te pirau māori o ēnei taonga kotahi-whakamahinga. Ahakoa e pai ana ki a tātou te whai huatanga o ngā kai tango-atu, ngā kai tere, me ngā kai i runga i te rererangi, kua noho te parahanga kirihou hei take kawenga pāpori e kore e taea te karo mō te umanga kai.

WĀHANGA 1

Te Raruraru o ngā Taputapu Tēpu Kirihou me te Putanga Ake o ngā Huarahi Āhua-Taiao

TI mua, i whakawhirinaki ngā kai tango kai me ngā kai tere ki te kirihou tuku iho, engari kua rerekē te āhua. Ko ngā ture pēnei i te Ture Whakamahinga Kirihou Kotahi a te EU (he aukati katoa i ngā taputapu kai kirihou whakakorekore) me te kaupapa here "Carbon Rua" a Haina kei te akiaki i ngā huringa ahumahi. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga Mintel 202462%he maha ngā kaihoko e whiriwhiri ana i ngā waitohu mā te whakamahi i takai kirihou pirau—te pana i ngā rauemi taiao mai i te kaupapa motuhake ki te kaupapa whānui.

Ko te pātai matua: Ka taea e tātou te whakakapi i ngā painga utu me te mahi a te kirihou?I tēnei rā, ka ruku hohonu tātou ki ngā kaiwhakataetae rongonui e rua –PLA(waikawa polylactic) mePET(polyethylene terephthalate), kia kitea ai ko wai te "taonga pea".

WĀHANGA 2

Kei te memeha haere te mana o te kirihou:He aha i tawhito ai te "Kāore e taea te whakakapi"

PKua whakamahia ngā taputapu tēpu kirihou mō ngā tekau tau nā te mea he māmā (he whakaiti i ngā utu kaipuke), he iti te utu (e tau ana ki ngā tauira angiangi), ā, he pumau te matū (he pai mō ngā kai wera/makariri).PET (polyethylene terephthalate) Ngā Huai tino tūwhera mai—nā te mārama me te ātete ki te pānga i waiho ai hei whiringa utu-pai mā ngā toa tī miraka, ngā mekameka kai tere, me ngā kamupene rererangi.

Engari kei te huri anō ngā ture i te ture taiao. Nā te aukati a te EU anake i hanga he āputa $23 piriona i roto i tetakai kirihoumākete, e akiaki ana i te tono mō ngā huarahi kē. I te tau 2024, neke atu i te $80 piriona te hoko o ngā taputapu kai taiao o te ao, ā, e 27% te tipu o Āhia Moana-nui-a-Kiwa i ia tau—e rima ngā wā tere atu i te kirihou tuku iho. Ko te arotahi tawhito "māmā, iti te utu, pakari" inaianei e taupatupatu ana ki ngā tono "pūmau, tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, e hangai ana ki te waitohu". Kei te tere te heke o te arataki kirihou.

WĀHANGA 3

PLA me te PET:Ngā Kaitono Kaha i te Mākete Taputapu Tēpu Whakakore

Wina tae mai kitakai kirihou hangarua, takai kirihou pirau, metakai kirihou-koiora, PLA(waikawa polylactic) mePETko ngā kōwhiringa pakihi-ki-te-pākihi tino pono. Ko tētahi e wikitoria ana i ngā kaihoko e aro ana ki te taiao mā te pirau; ko tētahi e pupuri ana i ngā kiritaki e aro nui ana ki te utu mā te hangarua. Kei te huri tēnei pakanga i te hokohoko o te ao.

Ngā taputapu tēpu PLA

—Ko te "Eco-Star" e ahu mai ana i ngā tipu mō ngā hiahia whakapūkara

PLA,He takai kirihou pirau-koiora tēnei, he mea hanga mai i ngā rauemi whakahou pēnei i te māngaro kānga me te tō. Ko tōna āhuatanga motuhake—ka pirau katoa i roto i ngā marama 6-12 i raro i ngā tikanga pirau ahumahi—ka whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro mā te 52% ki te whakaritea ki te kirihou tuku iho. Nā tēnei ka waiho hei mea tino pai mō ngā waitohu e whakamahi ana i ngā kaupapa here taiao tino pakari.

Heoi, he ngoikoretanga anō hoki tō te PLA: he ngāwari te whakapē i ngā pāmahana teitei, kāore e pai mō te kai i runga ake i te 100℃, Nō reira he pai ake mō ngā kapu inu matao, ngā pouaka huamata, ngā taputapu tēpu rānei mō te kai kai papai.

Ngā taputapu tēpu PET

—Te "Pūrākau Hoki Mai" o te Kirihou Tawhito

PET, he māngai mō ngā kirihou tuku iho, kua tutuki te panonitanga taiao mā te "hangarua me te whakamahi anō". He rerekē i ngā kirihou kore-pirau, ka taea te hangarua i ngā taputapu kai PET 5-7 ngā wā mā te hangarau whakaora ā-tinana, ka whakaitihia te whakamahinga rauemi. I roto i ngā mākete Pākehā me Amerika me ngā pūnaha hangarua PET kua pakeke, kua eke te tere hangarua ki65%.

Ko te painga matua o ngā taputapu kai PET kei roto i te taurite i waenga i te utu me te mahi: he iti ake te utu i te PLA. Ka taea e ia te pupuri i te hupa wera me te tu atu ki ngā maturuturunga iho, ka waiho hei mea tino pai ki ngā papa tango kai me ngā mekameka kai tere, ā, ko tōna ātete pāmahana teitei me te ātete maturuturunga iho he pai ake mō ngā āhuatanga tango kai. Mō ngā kaihoko e aro ana ki te whakahaere utu me te pūnaha hangarua pakari,Ngā taputapu tēpu PEThe kōwhiringa utu-pai tonu.

WĀHANGA 4

Te Tirohanga ā-Mārama:Ko wai te kaiārahi i te mākete taputapu tēpu whakakorekore?

Sehara te oranga tonutanga i te mea auaha. Ko tetakai kirihouKei te neke te mākete mai i ngā kōwhiringa e rua ki tētahi pūnaha kanorau, me ngā au matua e toru mō ngā kaihoko:

Auaha 1:

Rauemi Motuhake Tāpiri (Kāore e Whakakapi) PLA/PET

I tua atuPET/PLA, kei te piki haere te rongonui o te bagasse me te muka bamboo i ngā wāhi motuhake. Ka hokona e Bakeys o Īnia ngā taputapu kai sorghum (ka pirau i roto i ngā rā 4-5) mō te $0.10/wāhanga—pērā i te kirihou. Ka mahi ēnei mō te kai rauropi, te tiaki whaea rānei, engari kāore e taea te whakataurite i te kaha o PLA/PET mō ngā ota papatipu.

Auaha 2:

Ngā Whakahoutanga Hangarau Ngā Herenga PLA/PET Tuku Iho

Ka whakatauhia e te auahatanga ngā take matua: kua ātete te PLA kua whakarerekētia120℃, te whakatuwhera i ngā whakamahinga kai wera. Mā te hangarua matū PET ka huri i ngā "pounamu tawhito hei kapu hou," ka whakaiti i ngā tapuwae waro mā te40%Ngā matapae ahumahi: Ka mau tonu te PLA me te PET60%o te mākete taputapu tēpu taiao i roto i ngā tau 3-5, me ngā rauemi hou e whakakī ana i ngā āputa.

Auaha 3:

Ka Whakarei Ake te Uara o te Waitohu i ngā Rauemi Taiao

Te whakamahi a ngā waitohu whakamuaka taea te whakapūkarametakai kirihou hangaruakia whiwhi ai i ngā painga.Kawhe Luckinwhakaitihia te whakamahinga kirihou mā te10,000 tāne/taume ngā kakau PLA, e hiki ake ana i tana whakatauranga ESG me te kukume i te haumitanga umanga. Mō te Ahumahi, ehara i te mea ko ngā rauemi tauwhiro anake e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga—engari ka mau tonu ngā hononga mahi roa me ngā kiritaki e arotahi ana ki te waitohu.

WĀHANGA 5

AuahatangaAratohu Hoko:Kōwhiria te PLA, te PET rānei?

TKo te kōwhiringa PLA me te PET e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā kaupapa matua e toru: te tutuki i ngā ture, te utu, me te whakamahinga mutunga.

Ngā Ota Tino Pai - Haere Tika ki te PLA (Kirihou Pirau-koiora)

Mena kei te EU, kei te US rānei ō kaihoko, kei te hokohoko kai papai, kei ngā hua whaea me ngā hua pēpi rānei koe, kaua e mangere – he mea nui te PLA. Ka taea e tōna āhuatanga "pirau" te puta tika i te arotake taiao a te tari taake. Ko ngā kirihou pirau e tohuhia ana e te PLA he mea hanga mai i ngā rauemi mata tipu taiao, ā, ka taea te pirau katoa i raro i ngā āhuatanga taiao, ahumahi rānei. Mō ngā mākete he tino pakari ngā kaupapa here taiao pērā i te EU me Haina, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga he nui ngā whakaritenga taiao pērā i te hokohoko kai papai me te kai whaea me ngā kai pēpi,Ngā taputapu tēpu PLAhe kōwhiringa e kore e taea te karo.

Tākai Hangarua: Kōwhiringa Whaihua mō ngā Horopaki Utu-Arotahi

Ngā taputapu tēpu PET ka taea te hangaruaka whakatinana i te hangarua rauemi mā te pūnaha hangarua pakari. Ko te utu mō ia wae he tata ki30%He iti iho i tērā o te PLA, ā, he pumau tana mahi, he pai mō ngā āhuatanga tono auau me te utu iti pērā i ngā papa tango kai me ngā mekameka kai tere. I te wā e hoko ana, me aro nui ki ngā hua he "tohu hangarua", ā, me whakatū he mahi tahi me ngā umanga hangarua ā-rohe hei hanga i tētahi porowhita kati o te "hoko - whakamahinga - hangarua".

Te Tākai Mama: Te Mea Matua ki te Arotau i ngā Utu i roto i ngā Horopaki Kaweake Tauhokohoko ki Tāwāhi

He mea nui te māmā hei whanaketanga o ngā taputapu kai tiaki taiao. Mā te hangarau whakarerekētanga rauemi, kua whakaitihia te taumaha o ngā taputapu kai PET me PLA mā te20%, e kore e whakaiti noa i te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi mata, engari ka whakaiti hoki i ngā utu kawe o te ao. Hei tauira, mā ia ipu o ngā taputapu kai māmā ka taea te penapena12%o ngā utu utanga. Mō ngā kaihoko hokohoko, ka taea e tēnei painga te whakapai ake i ngā tawhē hua hua.

WĀHANGA 6

Ka Whanake te Kirihou—Kāore e Ngaro

Lka kōrero tātou mō te āhuatanga tūturu:taputapu tēpu kirihouKāore e ngaro rawatia i roto i te wā poto, nā te mea kei te mau tonu ōna painga utu me te mahi. Engari kua mutu te wā o te "kore e taea te whakakapi", ā, kei te wehewehea te mākete e ngā momo kirihou hei "ara-taiao" me te "ara whakakore" – kua tīmata kē ngā rangatira e whiriwhiri ana i te ara tika ki te whiwhi moni mai i te tiaki taiao.

Te heke mai oTākai taiaoehara i te mea ko wai ka whakakapi i a wai, engari ko te taurite tika o "tehea rauemi hei whakamahi i tēhea horopaki".Mā te whiriwhiri i te rauemi tika e rite ana ki tāu pakihi, ka huri i te "tiaki taiao" hei painga mō tō waitohu – koinei te kī ki te tū pakari i roto i te ngaru matomato!

-Te Mutunga-