Ngā Whakamārama mō ngā Paerewa Tiwhikete PLA: He aha te Tikanga Tuturu o te Tākai Whakakotahi

Awhakawhiti i ngā whare kawhe, ngā wharekai, me ngā mahi kai, PLAkua noho ko tētahi o ngā momo kirihou tipu rongonui hei whakakapi i te kirihou kotahi-whakamahinga tuku iho. Ka kitea i roto i ngā kapu matao, i ngā taupoki, i ngā ngongo kai, i ngā ipu tango kai, me ngā taputapu kai whakakorekore i ia rā. Ahakoa e whakamahia whānuitia ana te PLA, ko tētahi tonu o ngā rauemi e kore e māramahia i roto i ngā takai ratonga kai tauwhiro.He maha ngā kiritaki me ngā rangatira pakihi e whakaaro ana nā te mea i ahu mai te PLA i ngā tipu, ka pirau i ngā wāhi katoa. Kāore rawa tēnā i te pono. Ko te mahi whakawairakau e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā whakamātautau pakari, ki ngā āhuatanga taiao e whakahaeretia ana, me te tiwhikete tuatoru - ehara i te reo hokohoko. He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei tiwhikete mō ngā rangatira wharekai, ngā kaiwhakahaere, me ngā kaihoko e hiahia ana ki te karo i te horoi matomato, ki te pupuri i ngā ture, me te whakatutuki i ngā kupu whakaari pono mō te oranga tonutanga.

RĀRANGI O NGĀ IHIRANGI

• 1.He aha ngā Paerewa Tiwhikete PLA?
• 2.He aha te mea e tino taea ai te whakapūkara i tētahi hua PLA?
• 3.Ngā Paerewa Tiwhikete PLA Matua Me Mōhio Koe
•  4.Te Whakakotahitanga Ahumahi me te Whakakotahitanga Kāinga: Ngā Mea Me Mōhio Ngā Wharekai
• 5.Tiwhikete Kore-PFAS me te Haumaru Whakapā Kai
• 6.Me pēhea te manatoko i ngā Tiwhikete PLA i mua i te hoko
• 7. Te Pānga o ngā Tiwhikete PLA ki ngā Hua Whakakotahi o ia Rā
• 8. Whakaritehia tō Takai Whakakotahi ki te MVIECOPACK

He aha ngā Paerewa Tiwhikete PLA?

PHe tikanga whakamātautau motuhake, tautokona e te pūtaiao ngā paerewa tiwhikete o LA e manatoko ana mēnā heHua PLAka pakaru katoa i raro i ngā tikanga whakawairakau kua tautuhia i roto i tētahi wā kua whakaritea. Kei te wātea ēnei tiwhikete hei tiaki i ngā pakihi mai i ngā kereme "wairarau" tinihanga kāore nei he taunakitanga whakamātautau o te ao tūturu.Ko te PLA (waikawa polylactic) he pūhui koiora i hangaia mai i ngā rauemi whakahou pēnei i te māngaro kānga, te manioka, te tō rānei. Engari, ahakoa he mea hanga mai i ngā tipu, kāore e taea te whakapūmau i te whaimana o tētahi hua hei whakapūmau i te wairākau. Me paahitia e tētahi hua ngā whakamātautau taiwhanga pakari e tētahi rōpū tuatoru kua whakamanahia kia whiwhi ai i taua tapanga.Mō ngā wharekai, mā ngā tiwhikete ka taea te tiaki ture, ka taea te whakamana, ka pakaru ō mea whakakore i roto i ngā pūnaha whakawairakau arumoni.Ngā Aratohu Kakariki a te FTC Me mārama te kī ko ngā kupu pēnei i te "whakapūkara" me whai taunakitanga pūtaiao pono—ā, ko ngā hiri tiwhikete a te hunga tuatoru te huarahi e whakamatau ai koe i tēnā.

He aha te mea e tino taea ai te whakapūkara i tētahi hua PLA?

A Ka taea anake te whakapūtā te hua PLA mēnā kua whakamatautauria, kua whakamanahia hoki kia tutuki i ngā paerewa o te ao mō te pakaru, te pirau koiora, me te paitini taiao. He kereme hokohoko noa iho te tapanga "whakapūtā" whānui kāore he tiwhikete, ehara i te mea kua manatokohia.Hei whiwhi i te mana whaimana mō te pirau, me tutuki i te hua PLA ēnei whakaritenga:

• Ngā tikanga whakawairakau whakahaere: Ka pakaru te oneone i ngā pāmahana me ngā taumata makuku kua tohua (pākihi, kāinga rānei).
• Te hanganga rauemi haumaru: Kāore he tāpiringa paitini, he konganuku taumaha, he toenga kino rānei.
• Whakamātautau tuatoru: Ka manatokohia e ngā taiwhanga motuhake te pirau me te wetewete katoa o te koiora.

Ko te PLA paerewa e hiahia ana ki te wera nui o te whakakoi wairākau ahumahi (55–60°C) kia pirau. Kāore e pakaru i roto i ngā ipu whakakoi wairākau o te kāinga. Ko ētahi tauira PLA motuhake e whakamahi ana i te hangarau whākōkī hei whakahohe i te pakaru i ngā pāmahana taiao (20–30°C), kia taea ai te whakakoi wairākau kāinga—engari kāore tēnei e pono mō te nuinga o ngā hua PLA.

Ngā Paerewa Tiwhikete PLA Matua Me Mōhio Koe

Tiwhikete BPI(Amerika ki te Raki)

Ko BPI (Biodegradable Products Institute) te kamupene matua e tuku tiwhikete ana mō ngā hua pirau i Amerika Te Raki, me te neke atu i te 51,000 ngā taonga kua whakamanahia. E whakaū ana te hiri a BPI he hua e tutuki ana i ngā paerewa ASTM D6400, ā, ka pakaru haumaru i roto i ngā whare pirau arumoni.Ko te tiwhikete BPI e hiahia ana:

• Te pirau me te wetewete katoa
• Kāore he paitini taiao
• Ko te wairākau haumaru, kāore he para
• Ngā pūkete tiwhikete ka taea te rapu i te marea

TÜV Austria OK Pūhui Wairākau

Ko TÜV Austria te kaiārahi o te ao i roto i te tiwhikete kirihou koiora, e tuku ana i ngā tapanga motuhake e rua:

• OK Compost AHUMAHI: Mō te whakakorikori arumoni wera nui (55–60°C).
• ĀE Whakakotahi KĀINGA: Mō te whakakotahi i te wairākau kāinga i te pāmahana taiao (20–30°C).

He tino onge te tiwhikete komuha kāinga mō te PLA paerewa, nā te mea e hiahiatia ana he hanganga motuhake kua whakareihia e te whākōkī.

ASTM D6400 me ASTM D6868

He paerewa whakamātautau ēnei, ehara i te tiwhikete.

• ASTM D6400: E whakahaere ana i ngā kirihou pirau mō ngā pūnaha ahumahi.
• ASTM D6868: E kapi ana i ngā paninga me ngā kiriata pirau.

Me angitu i ēnei whakamātautau hei whiwhi tiwhikete, engari kāore ngā hua whakamātautau anake e rite ki te tiwhikete BPI, TÜV rānei.

EN 13432(Te Kotahitanga o Ūropi)

Ko te EN 13432 te paerewa matua o Ūropi mō te whakapūkara ā-ahumahi, e rite ana ki te ASTM D6400. E hiahiatia ana mō te nuinga o ngā takai kai whakapūkara e hokona ana i te mākete o te EU. 

Te Whakakotahitanga Ahumahi me te Whakakotahitanga Kāinga: Ngā Mea Me Mōhio Ngā Wharekai

TKo te hapa nui rawa atu a ngā pakihi ko te whakaaro ka taea te whakamahi i ngā hua wairākau katoa i roto i tētahi pūnaha. He rerekē rawa ngā taiao o te wairākau ahumahi me te wairākau kāinga.

Kāore te PLA paerewa e pirau i roto i te wairākau kāinga. Me whakataurite tonu te tiwhikete ki tō hanganga para ā-rohe.

Tiwhikete Kore-PFAS me te Haumaru Whakapā Kai

CKāore ngā tiwhikete ātete-pupuhi e whakamātautau i te haumaru o te pā ki ngā kai. Ko te PFAS (ngā matū ia- me te polyfluoroalkyl) he matū kino e kitea ana i roto i ngā takai kai—ā, me whakamātautau motuhake mai i tētahi atu rōpū tuatoru.Mō te whakamahinga i te wharekai, whakaū tonu:

• Manatoko kore-PFAS a te rōpū tuatoru
• Ngā pūrongo whakamātautau taiwhanga (ehara i te mea ko ngā kereme whaiaro anake)
• Te whakatutuki i ngā ture ā-rohe mō te pa atu ki ngā kai

Kāore te tapanga ka taea te whakawairakau e kī taurangi he haumaru te hua mō te whakarato kai.

Me pēhea te manatoko i ngā Tiwhikete PLA i mua i te hoko

Awhakakorea te horoi matomato, ā, kia tutukihia ēnei mahi:

1. Rapua te pātengi raraunga tūmatanui a BPI hei whakaū i te tiwhikete whai mana.
2. Pātaihia ngā nama tiwhikete mai i BPI, i TÜV Austria rānei.
3. Tirohia ngā waitohu mana kei runga i te takai me ngā pepa whakaritenga.
4. Tonoa ngā pūrongo taiwhanga tuatoru, tae atu ki ngā whakamātautau PFAS.
5. Whakakāhoretia ngā kereme koretake pēnei i te "mea tipu" me te "taiao" me te kore he tiwhikete.

Ka tohaina e ngā kaiwhakarato tika ngā tuhinga katoa. He haki whero te hunga kāore e taea.

Te Pānga o ngā Tiwhikete PLA ki ngā Hua Whakakotahi o ia Rā

PHe otinga tino whai hua a LA mō te whakaiti i te kirihou kotahi-whakamahinga i roto i te ratonga kai—engari me honoa mai ki ngā tiwhikete tuatoru whai mana. Ā mātouhuaMā ngā Tiwhikete a te rangatira pēnei i a BPI, TÜV Austria OK Compost, ASTM D6400, me EN 13432 ka hurihia ngā kereme mō te oranga tonutanga hei mahi ine me te tutuki i ngā ture.Mō ngā rangatira wharekai, ehara i te mea ko te whakamahi noa i ngā takai wairākau te whāinga—engari ko te whakamahi i ngā takai e mahi ana pērā i tā rātou i oati ai, e tautoko ana i ō whāinga ki te huri i ngā para, ā, e whiwhi ana i te whakawhirinaki o ngā kiritaki.